With the rapid increase in the world population, more energy is needed, the use of agricultural lands as settlements brings some problems, while producers are looking for various ways to obtain more agricultural products at lower costs. It is stated that organic agriculture and permaculture can be an alternative to conventional agriculture, although the producers’ search for low costs creates an environment for the use of pesticides and chemicals in conventional agriculture. An application that prioritizes the high health value of the product Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, former faculty member Prof. Dr. Ruhsar Yılmaz, organic agriculture; It defines it as an agriculture that is environmentally friendly, based on human animal and plant welfare, where artificial chemicals are not used in production, where all production stages are checked and certified according to the determined rules. prof. Dr. Yılmaz also shares the knowledge that organic agriculture is a practice that prioritizes an acceptable level of production by utilizing mechanisms in the natural system instead of artificial chemical inputs, and the high health value of the product instead of high productivity in production. Informing that Turkey ranks 18th in the world in terms of production capacity in organic agriculture, Prof. Dr. Yılmaz stated that the organic agriculture area in the world is around 37 million hectares and said, “The largest area is in Oceania, Europe, South America and Asia, respectively. 1.4 percent of Turkey’s land is devoted to organic agriculture. Turkey is in an advantageous position Emphasizing that the area suitable for organic agriculture and the richness of biodiversity are an advantage for Turkey, Prof. Dr. Yılmaz also emphasizes that organic farming provides a sense of spiritual pleasure because the product consumed by the person is environmentally friendly. Pointing out that permaculture, which does not use pesticides and contributes to mitigating the effects of climate change, is one of the alternative farming methods, Permatürk Chairman of the Board of Directors Taner Aksel stated that the concept of permaculture has existed since ancient societies and said, “Actually, it can be understood from its name. ‘It comes from permaculture, permanent is permanent or sustainable, culture means human culture and agricultural system,’ he says. Saying that the soil is one of the most complex systems in the world due to the fact that it is a living microorganism in which various insects such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and aphids take place, Aksel said, “Permaculture exists to sustain the resources we use, to produce more than we destroy and consume. . Therefore, by understanding the processes in nature and the functioning of ecosystems, he offers solutions in a way that will create more abundance and abundance for the whole life together with them.” Aksel states that more than one third of the living topsoil has been lost both in Turkey and in the world in the last 30-40 years, and therefore, local ecosystem functions should be revived. Aksel also emphasizes the need to produce personalized solutions that will benefit people, increase the amount of organic matter in the soil and revitalize the soil by using local endemic species that are drought resistant, do not need much water. Drawing attention to the speed of change by stating that nature is affected by human activities, Aksel concludes his words as follows:
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